Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by parasites spread by sand flies. Different forms affect the skin, the lining of the nose and mouth, or internal organs. Skin disease may leave scars, while the internal-organ form can be life-threatening without treatment. Infection occurs in parts of the tropics and subtropics, and around the Mediterranean. Symptoms can appear well after exposure, including after returning home.
Prevention: Behavior
Symptoms
- Skin bumps or sores that persist and may be painless
- Persistent nasal blockage or bleeding with disease affecting the nose
- Prolonged fever, weight loss and swelling of the abdomen with internal-organ disease
Transmission
- Bites from infected sand flies
Prevention
Avoid sand fly bites, especially from dusk to dawn. Use repellent as directed, wear covering clothing and sleep in screened or air-conditioned accommodation. Sand flies are very small, so suitable fine-mesh or insecticide-treated nets are helpful. No human vaccine is available.
Diagnosis and care
Persistent sores or unexplained fever after travel need medical assessment. Tell the clinician where you traveled. Tests and treatment depend on the parasite and the form of illness.
Source
- Leishmaniasis
Based on CDC information
Source language: English
Source reviewed: April 23, 2025
Source accessed: May 17, 2026
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