Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection linked to the urine of infected animals, including rodents. It occurs worldwide, particularly in tropical areas and after heavy rain or flooding. Illness may be mild, but some people develop serious damage to the kidneys, liver or lungs. Freshwater recreation, flood cleanup and contact with contaminated mud can increase exposure.
Prevention: Mixed
Symptoms
- Fever, chills and headache
- Muscle pain, often in the calves or lower back
- Red eyes, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
- Severe disease may cause jaundice, breathing difficulty or reduced urination
Transmission
- Contaminated water or soil contacting cuts, eyes or other moist body surfaces
- Direct contact with infected animal urine
- Swallowing contaminated food or water
Prevention
Avoid potentially contaminated freshwater and floodwater. Wear protective footwear and clothing when contact cannot be avoided, and cover cuts with waterproof dressings. Use safe drinking water. Preventive medicines are only appropriate in selected circumstances after individual medical advice.
Diagnosis and care
Seek medical advice promptly for fever after a relevant exposure and explain the activity. Early antibiotics can reduce illness; severe symptoms require urgent hospital assessment.
Source
- Leptospirosis
Based on CDC information
Source language: English
Source reviewed: April 23, 2025
Source accessed: May 17, 2026
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