Meningococcal disease
Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection that can cause meningitis, affecting the lining around the brain and spinal cord, or a dangerous bloodstream infection. It can worsen within hours and needs immediate treatment. Survivors may have lasting complications. Cases occur worldwide, with a higher outbreak risk in the African meningitis belt.
Prevention: Vaccine
Symptoms
- Sudden fever, severe headache and a stiff neck
- Vomiting, sensitivity to light or confusion
- A red or purple rash may appear with bloodstream infection
- Young children may have less typical symptoms and no stiff neck
Transmission
- Close contact with saliva or respiratory secretions
- People who carry the bacteria without being ill can transmit them
Prevention
Vaccines protect against different groups of meningococcal bacteria. Appropriate protection depends on age, medical risks, local programmes and travel plans. Close contacts of a case need prompt assessment for preventive antibiotics, even if vaccinated.
Diagnosis and care
Suspected meningococcal disease is a medical emergency. Seek urgent help for rapidly worsening illness or signs of meningitis; do not wait for a rash. Hospital treatment includes antibiotics and support for complications.
Source
- Meningococcal Disease
Based on CDC information
Source language: English
Source reviewed: April 23, 2025
Source accessed: May 17, 2026
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