Tick-borne encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis, or TBE, is a viral infection that can affect the brain and the tissues around the brain and spinal cord. Many infections cause no symptoms. Some begin as a flu-like illness; after a short improvement, neurological symptoms can develop. Severe disease may leave lasting problems, and risk of a severe outcome increases with age.
Prevention: Mixed
Symptoms
- Fever, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Later neck stiffness, confusion, poor coordination, or weakness in some people
Transmission
- Bites from infected ticks
- Occasionally, consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products from infected animals
Prevention
Reduce tick exposure during outdoor activities and avoid unpasteurized dairy products. A vaccine can protect against TBE; ask about suitability based on where you live or travel and your planned activities.
Where it occurs
TBE occurs in localized areas across parts of Europe and northern and eastern Asia. Risk can vary greatly within a country.
Diagnosis and care
There is no specific antiviral treatment. Care supports recovery and treats complications. Neurological symptoms after possible exposure need urgent medical assessment.
Source
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Based on CDC information
Source language: English
Source reviewed: April 23, 2025
Source accessed: May 17, 2026
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